The role of 3D digital applications in manual therapy education – A scoping review

AbstractBackground Currently, teaching methods for developing physical assessment and palpation skills in manual therapy is challenging both learners educators. 3D digital technologies such as virtual reality (VR) may facilitate and/or address these challenges. However, their current usage improving learning outcomes education unknown. Methods The following electronic databases were searched from Jan 2005 to April 2021: PubMed, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers reviewed the articles assess eligibility. Studies of any methodology that investigated use or application applications included review. Primary outcome related based on updated Blooms taxonomy. Narrative synthesis was used synthesize data studies. Results A total 4 final main findings classified into key concepts: (1) perception tissue stiffness, (2) improved student self-efficacy performing MT techniques, (3) barriers facilitators utilizing technologies. All met understanding, applying, analysing evaluating levels taxonomy; however, no ‘creating' level Bloom's Discussion Our review found there are AR, VR mixed specifically serve needs relation joint motion assessment, but available can be readily potentially adapted train palpation.